I have been playing with the sestina this week. For anyone unfamiliar with the form, it is a poem of six stanzas of six lines each and a three line stanza, called an envoi that addresses a person or comments on the previous stanzas. The same six unrhymed end-words are repeated in each stanza in a changing order that looks something like this:
Stanza 1: Stanza 2: Stanza 3: Stanza 4: Stanza 5: Stanza 6: Envoi:
A F C E D B AB
B A F C E D CD
C E D B A F EF
D B A F C E
E D B A F C
F C E D B A
The form is said to have been invented by troubadour poets of Southern France who competed with one another to come up with the most elaborate, complex styles. The sestina was one for the masters. The above pattern is the classic one, but modern poets have modified it for their own purposes.
The repeating pattern of the sestina actually works quite well for poems containing speech because of the way certain words tend to be repeated in common conversation.
"I'm going to the park to run."
"To the park? To run?"
"Yes, Mother, to the park. To run."
"Which park are you running in?"
"Barton Park."
"I don't think you should be running in Barton Park. It's not safe."
"Mother, it's just the park. And I'm just going to run. I'll be fine."
I'm writing persona poems. First I tried making a list of words that fit my narrator and his situation. I chose six and wrote them in their proper configuration. I stared at the pages, blank except for the line of words marching down the side of the page like addends in an unsolvable word problem. I felt totally stymied.
So I tried writing the envoi, something I felt this narrator would want to say at the end of his poem. Then I used the words that fell in the proper places as my new six words and tried the formation once again. It was like looking at a crossword puzzle with all the answers and no clues. No luck.
But. By that time I had internalized the pattern enough that I could repeat it from one stanza to the next. And I knew a little more about what this character wanted to say. So I started with stanza one. Then forced myself to find words to put in his mouth that made sense, were true to his complaint, and fit the form. What do you know? A sestina.
I will spare you my amateur concoction, since I'm not sure it is fit for human consumption yet. Instead here are links to some wonderful sestinas.
Ezra Pound used the form to give voice to Bertran de Born whom Dante condemned to circle eight in the
Inferno for stirring up strife. You may listen to a rare recording of Pound reading the poem," Sestina: Altaforte"
here and words
here.
Listen to John Ashbery
read his sestina featuring Popeye, Wimpy, and the rest of the gang. It's called "Farm Implements and Rutabegas in a Landscape."
The Shrinking Lonesome Sestina
by Miller Williams
Somewhere in everyone's head something points toward home,
a dashboard's floating compass, turning all the time
to keep from turning. It doesn't matter how we come
to be wherever we are, someplace where nothing goes
the way it went once, where nothing holds fast
to where it belongs, or what you've risen or fallen to.
What the bubble always points to,
whether we notice it or not, is home.
It may be true that if you move fast
everything fades away, that given time
and noise enough, every memory goes
into the blackness, and if new ones come-
small, mole-like memories that come
to live in the furry dark-they, too,
curl up and die. But Carol goes
to high school now. John works at home
what days he can to spend some time
with Sue and the kids. He drives too fast.
Ellen won't eat her breakfast.
Your sister was going to come
but didn't have the time.
Some mornings at one or two
or three I want you home
a lot, but then it goes.
It all goes.
Hold on fast
to thoughts of home
when they come.
They're going to
less with time.
Time
goes
too
fast.
Come
home.
Read the envoi
here.
And just for fun, this one reminds me of Chris Raschka's wonderful picture book,
Yo! Yes?
Six Words
by Lloyd Schwartz
yes
no
maybe
sometimes
always
never
Never?
Yes.
Always?
No.
Sometimes?
Maybe—
maybe
never
sometimes.
Yes—
no
always:
Read the rest
here.
Enjoy. Please zip over to
Elizabeth Steinglass' blog for more Poetry Friday.